2020高考英语作文十大写作手法

　　1.Simile 明喻

　　明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.

　　标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

　　例如:

　　1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

　　2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

　　3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

　　2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻

　　隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.

　　例如:

　　1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

　　2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

　　3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻

　　借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.

　　I.以容器代替内容,例如:

　　1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

　　2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.

　　II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:

　　Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.

　　III.以作者代替作品,例如:

　　a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集

　　VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:

　　I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.

　　4.Synecdoche 提喻

　　提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.

　　例如:

　　1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体)

　　他的厂里约有100名工人.

　　2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)

　　他是本世纪的牛顿.

　　3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分)

　　这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

　　5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉

　　这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。

　　通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。

　　例如:

　　1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

　　鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.

　　2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)

　　品尝Mozart的音乐.

　　6.Personification 拟人

　　拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.

　　例如:

　　1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化)

　　2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化)

　　7.Hyperbole 夸张

　　夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..

　　例如:

　　1>.I beg a thousand pardons.

　　2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

　　3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

　　8.Parallelism 排比, 平行

　　这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体.

　　例如:

　　1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

　　2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

　　9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法

　　婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.

　　例如:

　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.

　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)

　　10.Allegory 讽喻,比方(原意“寓言”)

　　建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。

　　英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业《大学英语教程》一书

　　这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

　　例如:

　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

　　表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草

　　真正意味：趁热打铁

　　2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

　　表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑

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